Ôn tập ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh - Bài tập về các thì

Nội dung text: Ôn tập ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh - Bài tập về các thì

1. 1 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu Ngữ Pháp 1,Các chủ đề đơn giản 1.Thì hiện tại đơn a.Với động từ Tobe: - He/ She /It is : - They / You/ We / are : - I am : * form. (+) S + Be {+ adj (N)/} = C (Complement) bổ ngữ *eg: I am a good teacher (-) S + Be + not + C He is not a student (?) Be + S + adj  Are they tall ? b. Với động từ thường: * form. (+) He/ She/ It + V- s/es + O. * eg:  He watches TV every night. (+) You/ We/ They / I + Vinf + O  They watch TV Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ do/does (-) He/ She/ It /Nam + does + not + V- inf + O  She does not watch TV (-) You/ We / They / I + do + not + V- inf + O (?) Does + He/ She/ It + V- inf + O ?  Do you watch TV? (?) Do + They / You/ We + V- inf + O ? c. Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động:- thường xuyên xảy ra- hành động lặp đi lặp lại Các trạng từ thường xuyên đi với thì hiên tại đơn (Adv) never,sometimes,often, usually, frequently, always, every (day/week/night/month )
2. 2 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên luôn đi trước động từ thường, nhưng đi sau động từ TO BE và các trợ động từ * eg: He always watches TV every night. They often watch TV She does usually not watch TV Do you often watch TV? * eg: Nam is often late for class. - Một sự thật hiển nhiên. * eg: The Earth goes around the Sun. (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời) 2.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn. * form: (+) S + Be + V-ing + O  (Be = am/are/is) (-) S + Be + not + V-ing + O (?) Be + S + V-ing + O * Adv : now, at the moment, at present, right now * eg: Nam is reading book now Nam and Lan are listening to music at this moment. What are you doing now ? * Cách dùng: - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói 3.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành. * form: (+) S + has / have + V- ed (pp) + O (-) S + has /have + not + V- ed (pp) + O (?) Has / have + S + V- ed (pp) + O ? PP = Past Participle Quá khứ phân từ QTắc V-ed : BQT xem cột 3 (V3) *Adv: just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now, lately, twice, three times, many times,. not yet.
3. 3 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu eg: I have just seen my sister in the park. *Note: (just,ever, never, already) đi sau have/has She has finished her homework recently. ( recently,lately,yet) đặt cuối câu. *Cách dùng: - Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra - Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không rõ thời gian - Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại còn tiếp diễn đến tương lai. - Hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần 4 Thì quá khứ đơn a.Với động từ Tobe: * I/ He / She / It (Nam) Was *eg: Nam was absent from class yesterday * You / We / They (Nam and Lan) Were  Were Minh and Mai in hospital last month? b.Với động từ đơn: *form: (+) S + V- ed/(V2 BQT) + O *eg: Tom went to Paris last summer. Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ did (-) S + did not + Vinf + O  He did not watch TV last night. (?) Did + S + Vinf + O ? Did you go to HCM city two days ago? Adv: Yesterday, ago, last (week/month/ year/ ) c.Cách dùng : - Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt hẵn trong quá khứ 5.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn * form (+) S + Was/ were + V- ing + O
4. 4 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu (-) S + Was/ were + not + V- ing + O (?) Was/ were + S + V- ing + O? Cách dùng : - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ tại 1 thời điểm xác định cụ thể. - => I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday. - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ. (While) - => I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes. - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra thì một hành động khác đến cắt ngang.(When) - => When the teacher came, we were singing a song. 6.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành. * form : (+) S + had + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O. (-) S + had + not + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O. (?) Had + S + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O.? * eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975. After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed. = Before the children went to bed, they had finished their homework *Cách dùng: - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ. (- Trong câu có hai hành động thì hành động xảy ra trước dùng ở quá khứ hoàn thành còn hành động sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn ) 7. Thì tương lai thường. * form : (+) S + Will + Vinf + O. (He will = He’ll) * eg: I will call you tomorrow. (-) S + Will + not + V + O (will not = won’t)  He’ll come back next week.
5. 5 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu (?) Will + S + Vinf + O ?  Will Nam play soccer? *Adv. Tomorrow, next (week/ month ), soon *Cách dùng : - Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai. 8. Thì tương có dự định.(Be going to) * form: (+) She / He / It + is + going to + V(inf) + O. (-) They / You / We + are + going to + V(inf) +O. (?) I + am + going to + V(inf) + O. *eg: My father is going to go to visit Ha long Bay .= My father is going to visit Ha long Bay. We aren’t going to the movies. Are you going to write a letter ? * Cách dùng : - Diễn tả hành động sắp sửa xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp tới. Một dự định, kế hoạch 9. Bài tập . A. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì thích hợp. 1.Be quiet ! The baby ( sleep) 2. The sun ( set) . in the West. 3.Mr Green always ( go) to work by bus. 4. It ( not rain ) in the dry season. 5. They ( have ) lunch in the cafeteria now. 6. My little sister ( drink) . milk every day. 7. The doctor sometimes ( return) home late. 8. He ( write) a long novel at present. 9. Look ! The bus ( come) . 10. The earth (move) around the sun. 11.Sometime ( smell) .good in the kitchen now.
6. 6 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 12.His uncle ( teach) .English in our school five years ago. 13. The old man( fall) as he (get) into the bus. 14. When I saw him, he (sit) . asleep in a chair. 15. There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday. 16. It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year. 17.They ( not speak) . to each other since they quaralled 18. I (try) . to learn English for years, but I ( not succeed) .yet 19.I (not see) .her since last week. 20. John( do) his homework already. 22. There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening 24. You (stay) . at home tonight? 25.I( be) twenty years old next June. 26.Where are you?- I’m upstairs. I (have) . a bath. 27.All of them (sing) when I( came) 28.What you( do) at 7 p.m yesterday? 29. Where .you ( spend) your holiday last year? 30. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you? II. Chia động từ trong ngoặc 1.A: I ( not see) Andrew for weeks. B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last .( see) him. 2.A: What ( you/do) last night? B: Well, I ( be) very tired, so I ( go) to bed very early. 3.A: .( you/ meet) Julie recently? B: Yes, I .(see) her a few days ago. 4. A: Are you still playing tennis?
7. 7 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu B: No, I ( not be) able to play tennis since I (break) my arm. 5. A: What part of birmingham. ( you/live) when you (be) a student? B: A place called Selly Oak ( you/ever/be) there? A.Chia động từ trong ngoặc. 1. If you ( go) ___away, please write to me. 2. If you ( be)___ in, I should have given it to you. 3. If he (eat) ___another cake, he will be sick. 4. I ( not do ) ___ that if I (be) ___you. 5. If he (take) ___my advice, everything can go well. 6. I would have come sooner if I ( know)___ you were here. 7. He never does homework. If he( do)___ his homework, he(not worry)___about his exam. 8.It’s too bad we lost the game. If you (play)___ for us, we( win)___. 9.What you (do) ___if she refuses your invitation? 10. If today (be) ___Sunday, we (go)___ to the beach. CHUYỀN ĐỀ 2 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN I. Lý thuyết. - Một câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề là mệnh đề chính (Main clause)và mệnh đề phụ(If clause) . Mệnh đề phụ (If clause)có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.(Main clause) - Có 3 loại câu điều kiện: 1.Câu điều kiện 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra . MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
8. 8 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu * Simple present( HTđ) Simple future( TLđ) If + S + V(HT) +O , S + Will/ Shall + V(inf) + O form: * eg: If I have time, I shall visit you. John usually walks to school if he has enough time. If she eats much, she will be over weight. 2. Câu điều kiện 2 : điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại. * form : MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH Past simple (QKĐ) , would/could/ should/ might + Vinf If + S + V–ed (V2) S + would/ could + V(inf) + O, + O *Note: Tobe dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi ( trong Mệnh đề If) * eg: If I had much money , I would buy a new bicycle. If you practised English every day , you could speak it fluently. If I were you, I would not tell him about that. I. Bài tập. A.Chia động từ trong ngoặc. 1. If you ( go) ___away, please write to me. 3. If he (eat) ___another cake, he will be sick. 4. I ( not do ) ___ that if I (be) ___you. 5. If he (take) ___my advice, everything can go well. 7. He never does homework. If he( do)___ his homework, he(not worry)___about his exam. 9.What you (do) ___if she refuses your invitation?
9. 9 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 10. If today (be) ___Sunday, we (go)___ to the beach. 11. Unless they (pass) ___their examinations, they would join the army. 12. You (be) ___ill if you drink that water. 13. If Tom (go)___ to bed earlier, he would not be so tired. 15. If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) ___for a donkey ride. 16. If he (try)___ hard, he’ll pass the examination. 17. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)___ more slowly 19. If I (finish) ___the work in time, I ( go)___ to the football game. 20. If you( see) ___Mary today, please ( ask) ___her to call me. B.Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi. 1. That man doesn’t work hard.He can’t earn more money. 2.I don’t tell him the answer because he is from home. 3. My friend and I don’t have enough money , so we will not buy a house of our own. 4. The weather isn’t better now, so we can’t go for a walk. 5. I don’t know his address, and I don’t give it to you. 6.He does not work slowly enough, so he makes many mistakes. 7. I am not sent to prison. She doesn’t visit me 8. I don’t win a big prize in a lottery, so I don’t give up my job. 9. The doctor can’t see many patients because he is so late. 10. We don’t visit them in Hanoi because tickets are expensive.
10. 10 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu CHƯƠNG 3. CÁCH DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ “ WISH” I. Lý thuyết. - Động từ Wish = If only ( ao ước) thường dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện. Có 3 loại câu ước. 1. Future wish:( ước muốn ở tương lai) * form: S1 + wish + S2 + would/ could + V(inf) + O.  If only + S + would/ could + V(inf) + O * eg:- I wish I would be an astronaut in the future. - Tom wishes he could visit Paris next summer. - If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday. 2. Present wish( ước muốn ở hiện tại) * form: S1 + wish + S2 + V- ed + O Were + adj / n *Note: Tobe dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi Could + V (inf) * eg:- I wish I were rich (but I am poor now) - I can’t swim. I wish I could swim. - If only Ben were here ( but Ben isn’t here. I wish he were here) - We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today ( but we have go to class today) 3. Past wish: ( ước muốn ở quá khứ) (Học ở lớp 10,11,12) * form: S1 + wish + S2 + had + V- ed (pp) + O could have + V- ed(pp) + O * eg :- I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year.
11. 11 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu ( I failed my exam ) - She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house. ( she didn’t have enough money to buy it ) - If only I had met her yesterday. ( I didn’t meet her ) - She wishes she could have been there. ( she couldn’t be there) II. Bài tập : A. Chia động từ trong ngoặc. 1. She wishes her father ( be)___ here now to help her I wish they ( visit) ___us when they were in town. 2. I wish someone ( give) ___ me a job next month. If only I ( can take) ___the trip to Hanoi with her next summer. 3. I wish they ( know) ___the truth yesterday. I wish I (see) ___ that film on TV again. 4. We wish she (be) ___ our teacher of English. My brother wishes he (not waste) ___ time when he was young. 5. They wish they (come) ___ to class on time yesterday morning. 10. I wish I ( spend) ___my last summer vacation in the mountains. 11.I wish she (come) ___ to see me yesterday. .If only I ( have) ___more time to do this job. 13.He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) ___ it. 14.I wish you ( not give ) ___them my phone number yesterday.We wish we ( understand) ___all the teacher’s explanation yesterday
12. 12 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu B. Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi. 1. What a pity the weather isn’t nice.___ 2. Your cousin doesn’t tell you the truth. ___ 3. I’m sorry you don’t study hard. ___ 4. I can’t lend you any money. ___ ❖1.Make sentences with “ wish ” based on the words: 1.student/wish/have/new/computer 2.brother/ wish/stay/big/city 3.We/wish/it/not/rain 4.Nga/wish/visit/parents/every day 5.boys/wish/can/swim/in.the.river ❖2.Put the verbs in these sentences with the correct form. 1/ I wish I ( be) ___ at the library now 2/ He wishes he ( can) ___ finish the course. 3/ I wish My parents ( come) ___ back tomorrow. 4/ She wishes she ( play) ___ chess well.5/ They wish they ( can) ___ study English well. 1. She wishes her farther (be) here now to help her. 2. I wish I (know) her telephone number. 3. I wish they (visit) us at the moment. 4. I wish someone ( give) me a job next month.
13. 13 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 5. We wish we (understand) all the teacher's explanation 6. He wishes he (watch) it on TV tonight 7. I wish I (have) more time to do this job. 8. I wish she (come) to see me every day 9. I wish that some day I ( be ) able to marry her. 10. We wish we (pass) next exam. ❖4.Write the sentences beginning “I wish”. 1/ I don’t know many people in the town .  I wish I knew many people in the town 2/ It would be nice to be able to fly a plane 3/ It’s a shame I don’t have a key. . 4/ Ann isn’t here and I need to see her . 8/ I’m sorry I can’t go to the party . 10/ It’s a pity the weather isn’t better today ❖5.WISH-SENTENCES” 1- I can’t go shopping with my mother .* I wish ___ 2- Lan can’t visit her friend.* Lan wishes ___ 3- They don’t know how to speak Chinese.* They wish ___ 4- I miss the cartoon on TV.* I wish ___ 5- Phong can’t win the championship .* Phong wishes ___
14. 14 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 6- Their team don’t play very well .* They wish ___ 7- Lien never goes on a camping trip .* Lien wishes ___ 8- Ba and Nam can’t join in the sightseeing tour 9. They wish sister doesn’t have a mobile phone . * Her sister wishes ___ 10- The students can’t leave for Ha Noi with the team . * The students wish ___ 11- She doesn’t get good marks .* She wishes ___ 12- Phong doesn’t have a computer at home .* Phong wishes ___ 13- Thu doesn’t have time to go to the movies with her friend. * Thu wishes ___ 14- Trang can’t participate in the tournament in Ha Noi . * Trang wishes ___ 15- Her mother doesn’t buy her new clothes for Tet . * Her mother wishes ___ 16- Ba can’t take part in the trip to the city Museum . * Ba wishes ___ CHƯƠNG 4: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE VOICE) A.Lý thuyết. • Quan sát: - Câu chủ động: Mr Smith teaches English. (Active) - Câu bị động: English is taught by Mr Smith. (Passive) • Qui tắc:
15. 15 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu - Tân ngữ chủ động  chủ ngữ bị động - Động từ bị động Be + Past Participle (pp) - Chủ ngữ chủ động  tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by chỉ tác nhân) *Note: by them/ by people/ by someone . Bỏ • Sơ đồ: S V O (Active) 1 2 3 a b S be + V-ed (pp) by + O (Passive) Bảng tóm tắt công thức các thì trong câu bị động. HTĐ Am, is, are + V- ed (pp) QKĐ Was, were + V- ed (pp) HTTD Am,is, are + being + V- ed (pp) QKĐD Was, were + being + V- ed (pp) HTHT Have, has + been + V- ed (pp) QKHT Had + been + V- ed (pp) MODEL Can,may,might,should,will VERBS Have to, used to, + be + V- ed (pp) Cách đổi: Bước 1: Lấy Tân ngữ (O) câu chủ động xuống làm Chủ từ (S)câu bị động. Bước 2: a/ Lưu ý Động từ câu chủ động ở thì nào To Be ở ngay thì đó. b/ Động từ chính đổi sang dạng PP (QK phân từ) Bước 3: Lấy Chủ từ (S)câu chủ động xuống làm Tân ngữ (O)câu bị động đặt sau By chỉ tác nhân. *eg: 1. I learn English everyday.
16. 16 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu => English is learnt by me everyday. (Passive) 2.My mother wrote that letter. => That letter was written by my mother. (Passive) 3.He is asking me a lot of questions. => I am being asked a lot of questions. (Passive) 4.She was doing her homework at that time. => Her homework was being done at that time. (Passive) 5.My mother has made that cake. => That cake has been made by my mother. (Passive) 6. They had prepared a dinner before we came. => A dinner had been prepared before we came. (Passive) 7. My friend can answer this question. => This question can be answered by my friend. (Passive) Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động 1. They can’t make tea with cold water. 2. Somebody has taken some of my books away. 3. They will hold the meeting before May Day. 4. They have to repair the engine of the car. 5. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday. 6. They may use this room for the classroom. 7. The teacher is going to tell a story. 8. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife. 9. The teacher explains the lesson. 10.Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen. 11.The doctor examined the patients. 12.People speak English all over the world. 13.He gave him back the money last Sunday. 14.I can’t do these exercises quickly. 15.We must do something before it’s too late.
17. 17 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 16.They make these artificial flowers of silk. 17.Nick will bring the pizzas to our house. 18.They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago. CHƯƠNG 5: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP A. Lý thuyết. - Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nào đó nói. • Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp: 1. Thay đổi thì của động từ. Trực tiếp (Direct speech) Gián tiếp (Reported speech) HTĐ QKĐ HTTD ( is/are/am + V- ing) QKTD(was/were + V- ing) TLĐ ( Will ) TL trong QK ( Would ) Can Could / be able to Shall Should Must Had to Have to Had to Will Would QKĐ QKĐ 2. Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu. - Ngôi thứ nhất: (I,we, me, mine,us,our) được đổi sang ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It,They, him/ her, his/ hers, its, their, them) phù hợp. *eg: Jane said,” I live in the suburbs”  Jane said that she lived in the suburbs. - Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật. *eg: He said to me,” You can take my book”  He TOLD me that I could take his book.
18. 18 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu - Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên( không đổi). *eg: Mary says,” They come to help the pupils.”  Mary said that they came to help the pupils. 3.Trạng từ chỉ thời gian . Trực tiếp (Direct speech) Gián tiếp (Reported speech) now then ago before today that day tonight that day tomorrow the next day/the following day yesterday the day before last week/month/year the previous week/month/year next week/month/year the following week/month/year *eg: - “I’m going now”. He said  He said he was going then. - She said “ I was at Hue yesterday”.  She said that she had been at Hue the day before. 4. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn. Trực tiếp (Direct speech) Gián tiếp (Reported speech) here there this that these those *eg:- He said,”Put the books here”  He told me to put the books there. - Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday”  He told me that he would meet me that Friday. III. Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu này được bắt đầu bằng động từ: asked, told, ordered
19. 19 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu Eg: -“ Hurry up, Lan”  He told Lan to hurry up. - “ Shut the door”  He ordered them to shut the door. - “ Don’t leave the room”.  He told them not to leave the room. * Công thức: TT:“V + O” => GT: S + told/ordered/asked + to-inf + O TT“Don’t/ doesn’t + V + O” =>GT: S + asked/told + not + to-inf + O III. Câu nghi vấn 1. Yes/ No – questions Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu hỏi này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, wonder ” và theo sau có “if/ whether”. *eg: - “ Have you seen that film?” he told her  He asked if she had seen that film. - “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?.” She told  She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after. * Công thức: TT: S + tell / told + “ Do/does/was/will/are/is + S + V + O ?” GT => S + asked/wondered + (O) + If/ whether + S + V(lùi 1 bậc về QK) + O. 2. Wh – questions ( who,what, where, why, when,how (much/ many/ long)” trong câu gián tiếp loại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, require, wonder, ” * eg: - “ What time does the film begin?.” He asked  He asked what time the film began. - “ What will you do tomorrow?” She asked  She asked what I would do the next day.
20. 20 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu * Công thức: TT: S + tell/ told + “ wh- qs + ( do/was/will) . + S + V + O ?” GT : S + asked/wondered + (O) + wh – qs + S + V(lùi 1 bậc về QK) + O B.Bài tập. Chuyển những câu sau sang câu gián tiếp. 1. He said to her, “You are my friend.” 2. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.” 3. “ Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother. 4. “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter. 5. The pupils said “ Teacher, give us better marks, please.” 6. My friend said, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?” 7. “ Have you done your homework?”, said my mother. 8. I asked Bill,” What time did you go to bed last night?” 9. Paul said, “ I must go home now.” 10.“ There is an accident .”, said the policeman. 11.“ We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children. 12. “ Must you go now?”, said Mr Brown. 13. “ Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom. 14. “ Listen to me and don’t make a noise,”said the teacher to his students. 15. “ I’m tired of eating fish”, said Mary to Helen. 16. “ The sun always rises in the east,” said Peter. 17. “ I didn’t steal your fur coat yesterday,” said Samny to Jean. 18. “ You must do your homework everyday”, said Miss Lan to us.
21. 21 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 19. “ Will we read the story?”, Bill asked his teacher. 20. “ I don’t know where Alice is,” said Vicky. 21. “ There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry. 22. “ Would you mind turning the music down?”Andrew said to Anne. 23. “ How much do you think it will cost?” He asked. 24. “ Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” He said to me. 25. “ Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me. 26. “ Come in and look around. There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper. 27. “ I’m sorry I’m late,” she said.” The bus broken down” 28. Mary asked me “ Can you tell me why you are so sad?” 29. “ Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend. 30. “ You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter. CHƯƠNG 6: ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ. A.Lý thuyết.I. Relative pronouns Chức năng Chỉ người Chỉ vật Chủ ngữ Who Which Tân ngữ Whom Which Sở hữu Whose Of which/whose
22. 22 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu Eg: 1. I saw the woman. She wrote the book.  I saw the woman who wrote the book. 2. I know the man. You want to meet him.  I know the man whom you want to meet. 3.The pencil is mine. The pencil is on the desk.  The pencil which is on the desk is mine. 4. The dress is beautiful. She is wearing that dress.  The dress which she is wearing is beautiful. 5. The girl is my sister. You took the girl’s picture.  The girl whose picture you took is my sister. 6. He showed me his car. The engine of the car is good.  He showed me his car, the engine of which is good. * “That” có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong trường hợp không theo sau dấu phẩy và giới từ. II. Relative adverbs. When  time Where  place * Eg: 1. Monday is the day. We will come then.  Monday is the day when we will come. 2. I never forget the village. I was born there.  I never forget the village where I was born. B. Bài tập. Kết hợp những câu sau dùng đại từ quan hệ. 1. Alice is my friend. Alice’s mother died last year 2.The boy will be punished. He threw that stone 3. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door . 4.The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night 5.There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
23. 23 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 6.I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now. 7.Is that the car? You want to buy it. 8.Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her . 9.The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach. 10.Lan is a journalist. Her tape recorder was stolen 11.I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone. 12. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It’s only 30 miles away. 13. This is Mr Carter. I was telling you about him. 14. That is the room. The meeting is held in that room. 15. I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day. 16.She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there. 17.No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago. 18. Please ask them the time. The train stared the trip at that time
24. 24 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 19. New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then. 20. There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there. . 21.India is a country.The earthquake occured in this country last month. 22. Bac giang is a city. I was born and grew up there. . 23. We have not decided the day. We’ll go to London on that day. 24. The man made me sad the most. I love him with all my heart. 25.The thief was caught. This was a really good news. 26. The gentleman was very young. He was introduced as the most successful businessman. 27. His book became the best seller.It was punished last year. 28. Neil Armstrong lived in the USA. He walked on the moon. 29. Nam is very intelligent. He learns in our class. 30. Ha Long has grown into a big city over the past few years. I visited the city last year. CHƯƠNG 7: DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ. A.Lý thuyết. I.To – infinitive. Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
25. 25 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu - Sau các động từ: want, intend, decide, expect, hope, mean, offer, promise, refuse, wish, - Sau các tính từ: glad, happy, ready, kind, - Sau các phó từ: enough, too, - Trong cấu trúc: - It + take + O +(time) + to-inf - S + V + O +(not) + to-inf ( V: ask, get, tell, want, advise, request, ) * Eg: I want to buy a new house. I’m glad to pass the exam. II.Bare infinitive. Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: - Sau Model Verbs như: can, may, must, will, shall, would, should, would rather , had better, - Trong cấu trúc với V là : make, let, have - trong cấu trúc với V là động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, feel,. *Eg: I can speak English very well. I hear him come in. III .Verb- ing. Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: - Sau một số động từ như: avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish,keep, mind, practise, stop - Sau các Phrasal verbs: to be used to, to get accustomed, to look forward to, to have a good time/difficulty, to be busy, to be worth, - Trong cấu trúc với V là động từ tri giác biểu đạt hành động đang tiếp diễn - Trong cêu tróc : would you mind - Sau các giới từ như: about, of, with, without, *Eg: I enjoy fishing. Alice is fond of dancing.
26. 26 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu IV.Past participle. V- ed( PP) Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau: - Trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành: have + V- ed(pp) - Trong câu bị động: be + V- ed(pp) *Eg: She has lived in this town for 6 years. B. Bài tập. Chia động từ trong ngoặc: 1.Tourists could see fish ( swim) along the brook. 2.We enjoy (swim) along this river. 3.The form teacher has asked Jack (write) an essay on the Thames. 4. It sometimes may be difficult (get) a taxi during rush- hours. 5.The rain has made the children ( stop) their games. 6.She tells the driver( take) her to the railway station. 7.Does Mrs Green have them ( carry) those books back home? 8.The principal noticed those pupils (try) harder and harder. 9.Children have just stopped ( play) football. 10.They keep ( talk) about an old friend they met yesterday. 11.Is Black Pool ( visit) by thousands of tourists each year? 12.We heard Mr Brown ( park) his car near the gate. 13. They’ve finished ( do) their homework. 14.They had their house (paint) before Tet holiday. 15.I advised him ( wait) for me at the airport. 16. Would you mind ( help) me with this work? 17.Do you smell something ( burn) in the kitchen? 18. Mother requests her daughter not ( come) back home late. 19. We shall have the grass ( cut) tomorrow. 20.They noticed lots of sheep( graze) in green meadows. 21.When I’m tired, I enjoy( watch) TV.It’s relaxing. 22. Would you like(have) something to eat? 23.It started( rain) an hour ago. Has it stopped ( rain) yet?
27. 27 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu 24. My family is trying (decide)where to go on holiday. 25.Our teacher made me (answer) all the questions. 26. I’ve enjoy ( meet) you. I hope ( see) you again. 27. I hate ( see) a child(cry). 28.They prefer( play) in swimming pool all day. 29.They refuse ( go) out on trips if it’s too hot. 30. I used ( smoke) 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up ( smoke). 31.We decided( rent) a house with a swimming pool. 32.Can you help me (get) the dinner ready? 33. When we arrived, the people next door invited us ( have) a drink with them. 34. We began (talk) about next year’s holiday two months ago. 35. I remember (lock) the door when I left but forgot ( shut) the window. 36. He agrees( start) the job as soon as possible. 37. I finished ( read) the book and went to bed. 38. My teachers always expected me ( do) well in exams. 39. Let me ( pay) for the meal.You paid last time. 40. It’s difficult ( get) used to ( eat) with chopsticks. CẤP SO SÁNH. A. Lý thuyết. I.So sánh bằng: * form: S1 + V + as + adv + as + S2. S1 + Be + as + adj + as + S2. * eg: - She runs as quickly as her brother. - John is as tall as Tom. *So sánh không bằng/ kém hơn. * form: S1 + not + be/V + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2.
28. 28 Ngữ Pháp chuyên sâu S1 + be/V + less + adj/adv + than + S2. *eg: - He is not so good as his brother. - I am less rich than you. II.So sánh hơn. *Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn. *form: adv/adj + ER + than *eg: Mr Brown is older than Mr Peter. He drives runner than I (do). *Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài. * form: more + adv/adj + than *eg: A car is more expensive than a bicycle. Ha writes more carefully than Hai. III.So sánh hơn nhất. *Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn. * form: the + adv/adj + EST *eg: Ha is the tallest in the class. Lan runs the fastest in the class. *Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài *form: the + most + adv/adj *eg: This is the most difficult lesson in the book Huong speaks English the most fluenty in my class. * Các trường hợp ngoại lệ So sánh hơn So sánh hơn nhất Good/ well (tốt) better best Bad/ badly (xấu) worse worst Many/ much (nhiều) more most Little (ít) less least Far (xa) farther/further farthest/furthest